Journal: Neural Regeneration Research
Article Title: Regulator of G protein signaling 6 mediates exercise-induced recovery of hippocampal neurogenesis, learning, and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01993
Figure Lengend Snippet: RGS6 in DG NPCs is required for running-induced cognitive improvements in APP SWE mice. (A) Schematic outlining experimental design. Mice were placed in cages containing either fixed (control) or free (running) wheels for 8 weeks. Mice underwent hippocampal-based learning and memory behavioral tasks after 4 weeks (Y-maze [B]) and 8 weeks (Y-maze [C] and contextual fear conditioning (CFC, [D]) of wheel treatment. (B, C) Multi-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc adjustment was used to analyze the effects of and interactions between genotype, sex, time, and wheel treatment after 4 (B) or 8 weeks (C) of wheel treatment. Top: % Spontaneous alternations— Significant effects of genotype ( F 3,154 = 16.261, P = 0.000) and wheel treatment ( F 1,154 = 52.906, P = 0.000), as well as their interaction ( F 3,154 = 19.638, P = 0.000) were observed. No significant effects of sex or time were observed. Bottom: % Time spent in novel arm— Significant effects of genotype ( F 3,154 = 30.835, P = 0.000) and wheel treatment ( F 1,154 = 22.496, P = 0.000), as well as their interaction ( F 3,154 = 7.652, P = 0.000) were observed. No significant effects of sex or time were observed. (D) Multi-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc adjustment was used to analyze the effects of and interactions between genotype, sex, and wheel treatment. A significant effect of genotype ( F 3,55 = 6.217, P = 0.001) and its interaction with wheel treatment ( F 3,55 = 3.898, P = 0.013) were observed. No significant effects of sex or wheel treatment were observed. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. (Fixed wheel: n = 8 RGS6 WT DG mice; n = 11 RGS6 KO DG mice; n = 10 RGS6 WT DG ; APP SWE mice; n = 12 RGS6 KO DG ; APP SWE mice. Free wheel: n = 7 RGS6 WT DG mice; n = 9 RGS6 KO DG mice; n = 10 RGS6 WT DG ; APP SWE mice; n = 15 RGS6 KO DG ; APP SWE mice). DCX: Doublecortin; DG: dentate gyrus; GFP: green fluorescent protein; IHC: immunohistochemistry; NPCs: neuronal progenitor cells; RGS6: Regulator of G protein signaling 6.
Article Snippet: For each trial, mice are placed in a fear conditioning box (Med Associates NIR VFC System, Fairfax, VT, USA) with a steel wire bottom.
Techniques: Control, Immunohistochemistry
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![RGS6 in DG NPCs is required for running-induced cognitive improvements in APP SWE mice. (A) Schematic outlining experimental design. Mice were placed in cages containing either fixed (control) or free (running) wheels for 8 weeks. Mice underwent hippocampal-based learning and memory behavioral tasks after 4 weeks (Y-maze [B]) and 8 weeks (Y-maze [C] and contextual fear <t>conditioning</t> (CFC, [D]) of wheel treatment. (B, C) Multi-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc adjustment was used to analyze the effects of and interactions between genotype, sex, time, and wheel treatment after 4 (B) or 8 weeks (C) of wheel treatment. Top: % Spontaneous alternations— Significant effects of genotype ( F 3,154 = 16.261, P = 0.000) and wheel treatment ( F 1,154 = 52.906, P = 0.000), as well as their interaction ( F 3,154 = 19.638, P = 0.000) were observed. No significant effects of sex or time were observed. Bottom: % Time spent in novel arm— Significant effects of genotype ( F 3,154 = 30.835, P = 0.000) and wheel treatment ( F 1,154 = 22.496, P = 0.000), as well as their interaction ( F 3,154 = 7.652, P = 0.000) were observed. No significant effects of sex or time were observed. (D) Multi-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc adjustment was used to analyze the effects of and interactions between genotype, sex, and wheel treatment. A significant effect of genotype ( F 3,55 = 6.217, P = 0.001) and its interaction with wheel treatment ( F 3,55 = 3.898, P = 0.013) were observed. No significant effects of sex or wheel treatment were observed. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. (Fixed wheel: n = 8 RGS6 WT DG mice; n = 11 RGS6 KO DG mice; n = 10 RGS6 WT DG ; APP SWE mice; n = 12 RGS6 KO DG ; APP SWE mice. Free wheel: n = 7 RGS6 WT DG mice; n = 9 RGS6 KO DG mice; n = 10 RGS6 WT DG ; APP SWE mice; n = 15 RGS6 KO DG ; APP SWE mice). DCX: Doublecortin; DG: dentate gyrus; GFP: green fluorescent protein; IHC: immunohistochemistry; NPCs: neuronal progenitor cells; RGS6: Regulator of G protein signaling 6.](https://pub-med-central-images-cdn.bioz.com/pub_med_central_ids_ending_with_6473/pmc11826473/pmc11826473__NRR-20-2969-g003.jpg)